nodejs爬虫如何设置动态ip以及userAgent

转https://blog.csdn.net/u014374031/article/details/78833765

前言

在写nodejs爬虫的过程中，原网站可能会对某一时间段内集中访问该页面的ip进行封杀。那么如何动态设置每次爬取使用的ip地址以及浏览器头部信息呢？

动态userAgent

这是我收集到的常用的浏览器头部信息，每次爬取的时候从中随机选取一个，并使用superAgent设置请求头部的User-Agent字段就好了。

userAgent.js

const userAgents = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.0.12) Gecko/20070731 Ubuntu/dapper-security Firefox/1.5.0.12', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0) ,Lynx/2.8.5rel.1 libwww-FM/2.14 SSL-MM/1.4.1 GNUTLS/1.2.9', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre', 'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.0.12) Gecko/20070731 Ubuntu/dapper-security Firefox/1.5.0.12', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)', 'Opera/9.25 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en), Lynx/2.8.5rel.1 libwww-FM/2.14 SSL-MM/1.4.1 GNUTLS/1.2.9', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36' ] module.exports = userAgents

app.js

import request from 'superagent' import userAgents from '../src/userAgent' async function doRequest(){ let userAgent = userAgents[parseInt(Math.random() * userAgents.length)] request.get('http://www.xxx.com') .set({ 'User-Agent': userAgent }) .timeout({ response: 5000, deadline: 60000 }) .end(async(err, res) => { // 处理数据 }) }

动态ip

设置动态IP需要用到一个superagent插件—superagent-proxy，除此之外为了避免每次爬取时都去获取一次动态IP的列表，我将爬取到的动态IP列表存放在redis中，并设置10分钟的过期时间。数据过期之后再重新发送获取动态IP的请求。
ps: 这里我使用的动态IP是爬虫网络科技公司提供的免费代理，因为免费所以难免会有些缺陷。有时候使用他的代理ip并不能访问得通，我在后面会做单独的处理。

package.json

{ 'name': 'xxx', 'version': '1.0.0', 'description': 'xxx', 'main': 'arf.js', 'scripts': { 'arf': 'nodemon src/app.js --exec babel-node --config package.json' }, 'keywords': [ '爬虫' ], 'author': 'lidikang', 'license': 'MIT', 'dependencies': { 'bluebird': '^3.5.1', 'cheerio': '^1.0.0-rc.2', 'eventproxy': '^1.0.0', 'mongoose': '^4.13.6', 'mongoose-findorcreate': '^2.0.0', 'progress': '^2.0.0', 'redis': '^2.8.0', 'superagent': '^3.8.1', 'superagent-proxy': '^1.0.2' }, 'devDependencies': { 'babel-cli': '^6.26.0', 'babel-preset-es2015': '^6.24.1', 'babel-preset-stage-2': '^6.24.1', 'nodemon': '^1.12.4' }, 'nodemonConfig': { 'ignore': [ 'ips.json', 'docs/*' ], 'delay': '2500' } }

app.js

import request from 'superagent' import requestProxy from 'superagent-proxy' import redis from 'redis' // superagent添加使用代理ip的插件 requestProxy(request) // redis promise化 bluebird.promisifyAll(redis.RedisClient.prototype) bluebird.promisifyAll(redis.Multi.prototype) // 建立mongoose和redis连接 const redisClient = connectRedis() /** * 初始化redis */ function connectRedis() { let client = redis.createClient(config.REDIS_URL) client.on('ready', function(err) { console.log('redis连接 √') }) client.on('error', function(err) { console.log(`redis错误，${err} ×`); }) return client } /** * 请求免费代理，读取redis，如果代理信息已经过期，重新请求免费代理请求 */ async function getProxyIp() { // 先从redis读取缓存ip let localIpStr = await redisClient.getAsync('proxy_ips') let ips = null // 如果本地存在，则随机返回其中一个ip，否则重新请求 if (localIpStr) { let localIps = localIpStr.split(',') return localIps[parseInt(Math.random() * localIps.length)] } else { let ipsJson = (await request.get('http://api.pcdaili.com/?orderid=888888888&num=100&protocol=1&method=1&an_ha=1&sp1=1&sp2=1&format=json&sep=1')).body let isRequestSuccess = false if (ipsJson && ipsJson.data.proxy_list) { ips = ipsJson.data.proxy_list isRequestSuccess = true } else { ips = ['http://127.0.0.1'] } // 将爬取结果存入本地，缓存时间10分钟 if (isRequestSuccess) { redisClient.set('proxy_ips', ips.join(','), 'EX', 10 * 60) } return ips[parseInt(Math.random() * ips.length)] } } async function doRequest(){ let userAgent = userAgents[parseInt(Math.random() * userAgents.length)] let ip = await getProxyIp() let useIp = 'http://' + ip request.get('http://www.xxx.com') .set({ 'User-Agent': userAgent }) .timeout({ response: 5000, deadline: 60000 }) .proxy(ip) .end(async(err, res) => { // 处理数据 }) }

之前说爬虫网络科技的免费ip有些缺陷—代理成功率有些低。这点必须想办法去修复，原理其实很简单，既然一次不成功那我就换个IP再试，直到成功了我才去开始执行解析html的逻辑

async function doRequest(){ let userAgent = userAgents[parseInt(Math.random() * userAgents.length)] let ip = await getProxyIp() let useIp = 'http://' + ip request.get('http://www.xxx.com') .set({ 'User-Agent': userAgent }) .timeout({ response: 5000, deadline: 60000 }) .proxy(ip) .end(async(err, res) => { if (err) { console.log(`爬取页面失败，${err}，正在重新寻找代理ip... ×`) // 如果是代理ip无法访问，另外选择一个代理 doRequest('http://' + await getProxyIp(), userAgents[parseInt(Math.random() * userAgents.length)]) return } // 解析html console.log('爬取页面 √') await parseDivision(res.text) }) }

如果你有啥疑问，欢迎写信到我的邮箱(andyliwr@outlook.com)与我讨论。

原文请查看http://andyliwr.github.io/2017/12/05/nodejs_spider_ip/